HIV/AIDS remains one of the major public health challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa and Zambia in particular. In 2016, Zambia had an estimated 59, 000 new HIV infections, 1.2 million people living with HIV and 21, 000 AIDS related deaths (UNAIDS, 2019; Zambia HIV estimates, unpublished). The Joint United Nations Program on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) has set an ambitious target to end the HIV epidemic by 2030. To achieve this goal, UNAIDS is encouraging countries to aim at achieving the 90-90-90 targets: 90% of people living with HIV (PLHIV) know their HIV status; 90% of diagnosed PLHIV are on antiretroviral therapy (ART); and 90% of PLHIV on ART are virally suppressed (UNAIDS, 2014). The United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) has committed to supporting the attainment of the 90-90-90 targets announced in 2014 by UNAIDS (OGAC, 2014) in many countries of its operation including Zambia. The Zambian government through the National AIDS Strategic Framework (NASF, 2017-2021) has its strategy aligned with international commitments, strategies and targets. The priority focus for the NASF 2017 - 2021 is to achieve the 90-90-90 treatment targets while intensifying combination HIV prevention in the national multi-sectoral HIV response with a view of reducing new HIV infections. When these targets are achieved, it is expected that more than 70% of PLHIV worldwide will be virally suppressed, thus reducing the risk of new infections. The 90-90-90 goals also reveal that there are remaining gaps in our understanding of the epidemic to be able to reach epidemic control. This protocol aims to establish HIV case based surveillance as the key public health information system to help address these gaps in Zambia.